Selasa, 01 Mei 2012

Vocab Around the House

Made By Donghae eomma di 23.25 0 komentar




Rooms in a House
• balcony
• bathroom
• bedroom
• dining room
• garage
• hall
• kitchen
• laundry
• living room

Things in a Bedroom
• alarm
• bed
• bedside table
• clock
• drawers
• dressing table
• lamp
• wardrobe, closet

Things in a Bathroom
• basin, sink
• bath
• mirror
• shower
• taps
• toilet
• towel rack

Things in a Kitchen
• bench
• cupboard
• dishwasher
• microwave
• oven, cooker
• pantry
• refrigerator, fridge
• sink
• stove, cook-top
• taps

Things in a Living Room

• arm chair
• bookcase
• chairs
• coffee table
• fan
• foot rest
• heater
• lounge, sofa, couch
• magazine rack
• recliner
• sound system
• table
• telephone, phone
• television stand
• television, TV

Things in a Dining Room

• chairs
• dining table

Things in a Study
• chair
• computer
• desk
• filing cabinet
• shelf

Things in a Laundry
• clothes maiden, drying rack
• dryer
• iron
• ironing board
• laundry basket
• pegs
• sink
• washing machine
• washing powder

Furniture
• armchair
• bed
• bookcase
• cabinet
• chair
• chest
• coffee table
• cupboard
• desk
• dining table
• drawers
• dressing table
• foot stool, foot rest
• lamp
• lounge, sofa, couch
• office chair
• sideboard, buffet
• stool
• TV stand
• wardrobe

Bills and Utilities
• council charges
• electricity
• gas
• insurance
• rent
• telephone
• water
Dialogue :
It's Saturday and Joan and Steve are decorating.
Joan    : Steve, you missed a bit.
Steve  : Where?
Joan    : Here, on the wall just by the window, you can see a patch of white.
Steve   : Oh yes, I see it. It's difficult in this light.
Joan    : I know, well at least we have finished this room, only five more to go.
Steve   : Are you sure you want to put wallpaper up in the lounge?
Joan     : Yes, but don't worry, I'm really good at wallpapering. I just wish that John would decide on what he

              wants his room doing in.
Steve    : I know, it's difficult when you're a boy. At least he's grown out of Star Wars, I keep thinking he'll ask

              for red and black or something equally gruesome.
Joan      : Yes, but it is his room. I'm glad we decided not to move though. Maybe we should think about

               building an extension to the kitchen instead.
Steve    : One thing at a time please! Lets get this decorating over and done with first.
Joan      : Ha! Oh by the way you missed a bit by the door too!
Steve     : Hm, thanks. Here's a brush.

Things you may find around the house



                   torch(es)

lock(s)


box (es)    
light bulb(s)

plug(s)

socket(s)




ceiling light(s)
lamp(s)
curtain(s)



key(s)
shelf (shelves)
(tele)phone(s)

Plug (s)

Battery (Batteries)

Photo (s)



Other Rooms

Attic
People store things in the attic.
Ballroom
A room in stately homes where rich people dance and concerts are held.
Box Room
A small room used for storage.
Cellar
Underneath the house.
Cloakroom
A small room where people put their coats.
Conservatory
A greenhouse attached to a house for the display of plants.
Dining Room
A room where people eat (see eating at home).
Drawing Room
A room in stately homes where rich people entertain.
Games Room
A room in large houses where games are played.
Hall
The entrance passage to a house.
Larder
A small room used for the storage of food.
Library
A room where books are kept.
Lounge
Another name for living room.
Music Room
A room where people play music.
Office
A room where people work.
Pantry
A small room used to store kitchen and dining items.
Parlour
Old fashioned word for living room.
Sitting Room
Another name for living room.
Spare Room/
Guest Room
A room where guests sleep.
Toilet
A room where people go to the toilet (often known as WC)
Utility Room
A room where appliances such as washing machines are used.

Preposition In, On, and At.

Made By Donghae eomma di 23.21 0 komentar
Time Preposition


In general, we use:


  • at for a PRECISE TIME
  • in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
  • on for DAYS and DATES
at
in
on
PRECISE TIME
MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
DAYS and DATES
at 3 o'clock
in May
on Sunday
at 10.30am
in summer
on Tuesdays
at noon
in the summer
on 6 March
at dinnertime
in 1990
on 25 Dec. 2010
at bedtime
in the 1990s
on Christmas Day
at sunrise
in the next century
on Independence Day
at sunset
in the Ice Age
on my birthday
at the moment
in the past/future
on New Year's Eve
Look at these examples:
  • I have a meeting at 9am.
  • The shop closes at midnight.
  • Jane went home at lunchtime.
  • In England, it often snows in December.
  • Do you think we will go to Jupiter in the future?
  • There should be a lot of progress in the next century.
  • Do you work on Mondays?
  • Her birthday is on 20 November.
  • Where will you be on New Year's Day?
Notice the use of the preposition of time at in the following standard expressions:
Expression
Example
at night
The stars shine at night.
at the weekend
I don't usually work at the weekend.
at Christmas/Easter
I stay with my family at Christmas.
at the same time
We finished the test at the same time.
at present
He's not home at present. Try later.
Notice the use of the prepositions of time in and on in these common expressions:
in
on
in the morning
on Tuesday morning
in the mornings
on Saturday mornings
in the afternoon(s)
on Sunday afternoons
in the evening(s)
on Monday evening
When we say last, next, every, this we do not also use at, in, on.
  • I went to London last June. (not in last June)
  • He's coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday)
  • I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter)
  • We'll call you this evening. (not in this evening)
Place Preposition
In general, we use :
  • at for a POINT
  • in for an ENCLOSED SPACE
  • on for a SURFACE
at
in
on
POINT
ENCLOSED SPACE
SURFACE
at the corner
in the garden
on the wall
at the bus stop
in London
on the ceiling
at the door
in France
on the door
at the top of the page
in a box
on the cover
at the end of the road
in my pocket
on the floor
at the entrance
in my wallet
on the carpet
at the crossroads
in a building
on the menu
at the front desk
in a car
on a page
Look at these examples:
  • Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop.
  • The shop is at the end of the street.
  • My plane stopped at Dubai and Hanoi and arrived in Bangkok two hours late.
  • When will you arrive at the office?
  • Do you work in an office?
  • I have a meeting in New York.
  • Do you live in Japan?
  • Jupiter is in the Solar System.
  • The author's name is on the cover of the book.
  • There are no prices on this menu.
  • You are standing on my foot.
  • There was a "no smoking" sign on the wall.
  • I live on the 7th floor at 21 Oxford Street in London.
Notice the use of the prepositions of place atin and on in these standard expressions:
at
in
on
at home
in a car
on a bus
at work
in a taxi
on a train
at school
in a helicopter
on a plane
at university
in a boat
on a ship
at college
in a lift (elevator)
on a bicycle, on a motorbike
at the top
in the newspaper
on a horse, on an elephant
at the bottom
in the sky
on the radio, on television
at the side
in a row
on the left, on the right
at reception
in Oxford Street
on the way

Asking for Information using "W-H" Question

Made By Donghae eomma di 23.16 0 komentar

The use of WH-Questions
  • What 
  • When
  • Where
  • Why
  • Who
  • Whose
  • Whom
  • How
  • Combined with to be 
    • What is ……. your name? 
    • When was ……. he born? 
    • Where are ………. the tickets? 
    • Why were …………. they here?  
    • Who are ……….. those people? 
    • Whose................. is this? 
    • With/To/For whom.......... you go?
    • How is ……. Helen?
  • Combined with auxiliary verbs or Modals 
    • What do …………
    • When did …………
    • Where shall ……..
    • Why does ……..
    • Who might …..
    • How could …….
    • etc
  • Asking for information: 
    • I’d like to know about this novel 
    • I’m interested in the characters
    • Could you tell me more about it? 
    • Do you know the plot? 
    • Could you find out the solution? 
    • Could I ask about the conflict? 
    • Do you happen to know the writer?
  • Asking for information: 
    • I’d like to know ……………… 
    • I’m interested in ………………..
    • Could you tell me ………........?
    • Do you know ………………?
    • Could you find out …………………?
    • Could I ask ……………………..?
    • Do you happen to know ………….?
  • Guessing: 
    • I’d say … I know where to find the book 
    • It could be … somewhere in the library 
    • Perhaps it’s … on the top of the shelf 
    • I think it’s … not there anymore 
    • It looks like … someone has taken the book 
    • It’s difficult to say, but I’d guess … 
    • It’s being borrowed by a student.

Modals In the Past Form

Made By Donghae eomma di 23.13 0 komentar
WHAT ARE MODALS?
  • Modals are helping words that are used to express:
    • possibility
    • ability
    • degree of certainty
    • level of authority
  • Kinds of modals such as:
    • Can
    • could
    • may
    • might
    • must
    • ought to
    • shall
    • should
    • will
    • would.
  • Modals in the past form are used in the past time.They are could, would, should, and might.
    • Formula of modals is:
      • Modals + verb 1 + O/C.
        • Can be used in every tenses
        • Could is the past tense of can
  • The modal auxiliary could is used:
    • To express an ability in the past:
      • I could always beat you at tennis when we were kids.
    • To express past or future permission:
      • Could I bury my cat in your back yard?
    • To express present possibility:
      • We could always spend the afternoon just sitting around talking
    • To express possibility or ability in contingent circumstances.
      • If he studied harder, he could pass this course.
  • When could is used in the past, it means was able to. Example:
    • I was able to find a parking space.
  • Would is the past tense of will
    • The modal auxiliary would is used:
      • to express a repeated action in the past
      • to express more polite (request) 
        • Would you (please) feed the dog?
  • When would is used in the past, it means “used to”, for example:
    • When I was younger, I would run two hours every day.
      • This means that I used to run two hours every day and now I don`t.
  • When would is used in the present, it show more polite.
    • For unreal condition
      • Mary would go to the Caribbean, but she doesn`t have enough money.(present)
      • Mary would have gone to the Carribbean, but she didn`t have money.(past tense)
  • Would, can is used in the past and present.
  • Might is the past tense of may.
    • Is used to express of granting or seeking permission.
      • Might, I leave class early?
    • To express future possibility.
      • She might be my advisor next semester.
    • To express past possibility.
      • Ann came late this morning, she might have missed the bus.
  • Might is considerably more tentative than may
  • Should is the past tense of shall.
    • Most commonly used to make recommendations or give advice. It can also be used to express obligation as well as expectation.
      • Example:
        • When you go to Berlin, you should visit the palaces in Postdam. (recommendation)
        • You should focus more on your family and less on work. (advice)
        • I really should be in the office by 7:00 am. (obligation)
        • By now, they should already be in Dubai. (expectation)
  • Example in dialogue:
Chika: Hi Eka! Are you busy?
Eka: No, I`m not busy. What`s happen?
Chika: Oh, good. I want you help me. Would you help me, please?
Eka: Yes, why not? What can I do for
you?
Chika: Hm, help me please, to clean my
garden now.
Eka: No. I won`t. Sorry.

Rizky: Oh. I miss grandchild. I want
to meet him.
Fanny: Don`t be sad grandma, Andre
might visit us on Saturday.
Rizky: Really.? Oh, I`m so happy.
Fanny: Of course.
  • MODAL CHART


can't have
certainty
e.g. I can't have lost my keys! (I'm sure I didn't)


permission
e.g. When I was a teenager, I could go out as late as I wanted.


general ability
e.g. Tom could walk by the age of 8 months.


could have
possibility, but did not happen
e.g. I could have passed my driving test if I'd really tried.


uncertainty
e.g. I guess it could have been Sandra on the phone.


couldn't
permission
e.g. When I was a teenager, I couldn't stay out as late as I wanted.


general ability
e.g. I couldn't walk until I was 2.


ability in a particular situation
e.g. I tried hard but I couldn't persuade him to go to the party with us.


couldn't have
possibility/ability
e.g. I couldn't possibly have passed my driving test, even if I'd tried harder.

uncertainty
e.g. It couldn't have been Sandra on the phone, could it?

with comparative adjectives
e.g. I couldn't have asked for better weather on my wedding day.

unwillingness
e.g. I couldn't have left the dog in the car for long (so I didn't).

didn’t need to
unnecessary action not done
e.g. As I was alone this weekend, I didn't need to do any cooking (so I didn't).

had to
obligation (past form of must)
e.g. I couldn't go out last night because I had to do my homework.

may have
uncertainty
e.g. I guess I may have been a bit hard on her when she came home an hour late.

may not have
uncertainty
e.g. He may not have found out yet that he has passed the test.

might have
possibility (didn't happen)
e.g. You might have been killed!

uncertainty
e.g. I guess I might have been a bit hard on her when she came home an hour late.

annoyance at someone's failure to do something
e.g. You might have told me that you had invited all your colleagues round for dinner!

might have known + would (idiom to ironically express that somebody's action was typical)
e.g. I might have known that he would finish with me as soon as he found out I wasn't wealthy!

might not have
uncertainty
e.g. He may not have found out yet that he has passed the test.

must have
certainty
e.g. He must have known how much it was going to cost. (I'm sure he knew.)

with surely in exclamations
e.g. Surely he must have known how much it was going to cost!

needn't have
unnecessary action that was actually done
e.g. Oh, you needn't have done the washing up!

ought not to have
criticism (more common is shouldn't have)
e.g. You ought not to have been so frank with him.

ought to have
expectation (should have is more common)
Why is she late? She ought to have arrived by now!

should have
expectation
Why is she late? She should have arrived by now!

should have + verbs of thinking
e.g. I should have thought you knew.

with be and adjectives, describing chance
e.g. It was weird that you should have been staying in the same hostel last month.

criticism (you didn't do something, but it would have been the right thing to do)
e.g. The party was such fun last night! You should have come!

shouldn't have
criticism
e.g. You shouldn't have been so frank with him.

polite expression of thanks on receiving a gift or favour
"Here's a bottle of wine for you"
"Oh, you really shouldn't have!"

would have
events in the past that did not happen
e.g. I wouldn't have gone out with him, but he didn't ask me.

assumptions
e.g. Oh, that would have been Sarah on the phone just now.

would not
unwillingness
e.g. I asked Tom to close the window, but he wouldn't do it.
 

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